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Table 3 Managerial and nutritional effect on ingestive, comfort, and aggressive behavior of heat-stressed pigeon

From: Behavioral, hepato-morphological, and biochemical studies on the possible protective effect of black seed and water bath against change-mediated heat stress on pigeon

Group item

Control

Heat stress

Water bath

Propolis

Black seed

Wheat diet

Ingestive behavior (act\30 min)

Feeding behavior

10 ± 0.8a

6.7 ± 1.6b

9.7 ± 0.9a

6.9 ± 0.6b

10 ± 2.3a

6.6 ± 0.6b

Drinking behavior

2.9 ± 0.6b

4.7 ± 0.9a

2.1 ± 0.6b

4.4 ± 0.7a

4.1 ± 0.1a

3.4 ± 0.5a

Feeding/drinking ratio

3.7 ± 0.9a

3.8 ± 0.9a

4.3 ± 0.9a,b

1.6 ± 0.7a,b

2.9 ± 0.7a,b

2.3 ± 0.9b

Comfort behavior (act\30 min)

Preening

12.3 ± 0.6b

13.3 ± 0.8b

19.7 ± 4.9a

9.4 ± 0.9b

10.7 ± 1.6b

9.7 ± 1.6b

Wing and leg stretching

1.9 ± 2.5b

2.1 ± 2.5b

3.1 ± 1.2a

2.9 ± 2.5a,b

2 ± 0.4b

1.7 ± 0.3b

Foot and ground pecking

4.7 ± 0.9b

4.7 ± 1.6b

8.8 ± 1.9a

5.7 ± 1.6b

5.9 ± 0.3b

8.2 ± 1.6a

Aggressive behavior (wing flick, wing fend, and fluffing) (act\30 min)

Aggressive behavior

10.7 ± 1.4a

11.7 ± 1.4a

8.8 ± 1.3b

9.2 ± 1.4a,b

8.3 ± 0.6b

7.5 ± 1.2b

  1. Means with different superscripts in the same row differ significantly