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Table 3 Cumulative time of various embryonic stages of H. elegans in control seawater and in different concentrations of phorate in seawater (temp. 28 ± 0.2 °C, salinity 34 ± 0.1‰, pH 8.1 ± 0.1); n = 6 ± =SD

From: The toxic effects of phorate on early embryonic stages of sedentary polychaete Hydroides elegans (Haswell, 1883)

Developmental stage

Control

Times in minutes

Concentration of phorate in ppm

0.05

0.1

0.25

0.5

1

2

5

10

20

30

50

FM stage

5.20 ± 0.28

7.50 ± 0.70

9.00 ± 1.41

11.50 ± 4.24

12.50 ± 4.95

14.50 ± 4.95

16.00 ± 7.07

18.00 ± 7.07

19.50 ± 7.77

21.50 ± 6.36

24.00 ± 7.07

N.D

2-cell stage

31.70 ± 1.63

35.00 ± 1.41

38.50 ± 3.53

42.00 ± 8.48

45.50 ± 9.91

49.50 ± 10.60

52.50 ± 12.02

56.50 ± 12.84

59.50 ± 12.84

63.50 ± 10.84

69.00 ± 14.14

N.D

3-cell stage

42.00 ± 1.30

47.00 ± 2.82

51.50 ± 4.95

56.50 ± 12.02

63.50 ± 13.43

68.00 ± 15.55

73.50 ± 1.67

79.50 ± 11.92

84.50 ± 10.33

90.00 ± 8.04

N.D

N.D

4-cell stage

53.60 ± 1.29

59.50 ± 3.53

66.00 ± 7.07

72.50 ± 1.26

82.00 ± 1.38

88.00 ± 8.79

95.50 ± 2.74

103.50 ± 3.40

110.50 ± 4.82

117.00 ± 12.94

N.D

N.D

8-cell stage

64.60 ± 0.70

75.50 ± 4.95

81.00 ± 9.89

89.00 ± 4.21

101.00 ± 2.62

108.00 ± 5.45

118.00 ± 0.00

128.00 ± 3.18

137.00 ± 4.01

145.50 ± 6.71

N.D

N.D

16-cell stage

76.10 ± 3.48

86.00 ± 5.65

97.00 ± 11.3

107.00 ± 2.45

120.00 ± 4.47

129.00 ± 3.11

141.00 ± 3.18

153.00 ± 4.66

164.00 ± 5.49

176.70 ± 7.34

N.D

N.D

32-cell stage

87.70 ± 1.97

99.00 ± 7.07

107.50 ± 12.5

123.00 ± 2.69

139.00 ± 8.52

151.00 ± 3.77

164.50 ± 4.54

178.50 ± 5.44

193.00 ± 5.56

N.D

N.D

N.D

64-cell stage

98.90 ± 3.21

112.00 ± 7.07

127.50 ± 1.25

139.00 ± 3.94

159.50 ± 0.47

172.00 ± 4.42

187.50 ± 1.61

103.50 ± 8.93

226.00 ± 7.81

N.D

N.D

N.D

Blastula stage

126.90 ± 2.93

141.00 ± 8.48

157.50 ± 1.26

172.00 ± 3.77

195.50 ± 4.30

209.50 ± 8.96

126.50 ± 5.27

245.50 ± 10.98

N.D

N.D

N.D

N.D

Blastula start rotation stage

154.90 ± 4.58

171.00 ± 8.48

189.50 ± 2.19

204.50 ± 4.30

230.50 ± 6.54

242.00 ± 5.98

266.00 ± 2.22

287.00 ± 7.95

N.D

N.D

N.D

N.D

Blastula stop rotation stage

245.00 ± 1.41

251.00 ± 9.89

261.00 ± 2.26

273.50 ± 8.54

298.50 ± 5.96

307.00 ± 4.49

326.00 ± 0.00

342.50 ± 7.24

N.D

N.D

N.D

N.D

Release stage

300.50 ± 2.12

309.00 ± 11.33

321.50 ± 2.34

336.50 ± 4.79

365.00 ± 4.66

379.00 ± 1.91

402.50 ± 8.69

421.50 ± 6.58

N.D

N.D

N.D

N.D

  1. N.D no development. Number of eggs/embryos observed in each concentration = 100–150, n = number of experiments