Table 3 The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), expression levels of SOD gene, and levels of zinc (Zn), after 1, 7, and 14 days, in the brain, liver, and kidneys of control rats (I), and those administered 0.5 g and 1.0 g of NiO-NPs (II and III), 0.5 g and 1.0 g of Co₃O₄-NPs (IV and V) as well as mixtures of NiO-NPs + Co₃O₄-NPs (0.25 g + 0.25 g, VI) and (0.5 g + 0.5 g, VII) per kg body weight, respectively

1

2.47 ± 0.11^e

1.40 ± 0.03^b

1.02 ± 0.03^a

1.15 ± 0.01^a

1.46 ± 0.01^b

1.58 ± 0.07^c

1.93 ± 0.03^d

7

2.48 ± 0.13^e

1.69 ± 0.07^bc*

1.44 ± 0.01^a*

1.52 ± 0.05^ab*

1.72 ± 0.01^bc*

1.85 ± 0.01^c*

2.15 ± 0.09^d*

14

2.46 ± 0.06^f

2.20 ± 0.05^cd*#

1.78 ± 0.04^a*#

2.07 ± 0.04^b*#

2.11 ± 0.01^bc*#

2.23 ± 0.01^d*#

2.32 ± 0.02^e*

1

0.53 ± 0.01^e

0.33 ± 0.01^b

0.24 ± 0.01^a

0.34 ± 0.01^b

0.38 ± 0.02^c

0.37 ± 0.02^c

0.40 ± 0.01^d

7

0.54 ± 0.01^e

0.41 ± 0.01^c*

0.33 ± 0.01^a*

0.37 ± 0.01^b

0.40 ± 0.01^c

0.41 ± 0.01^c*

0.46 ± 0.01^d*

14

0.55 ± 0.01^c

0.50 ± 0.01^b*#

0.43 ± 0.01^a*#

0.44 ± 0.02^a*#

0.52 ± 0.02^bc*#

0.52 ± 0.01^bc*#

0.55 ± 0.02^c*#

1

2.52 ± 0.05^e

1.58 ± 0.04^b

1.14 ± 0.01^a

1.49 ± 0.03^b

1.75 ± 0.04^c

1.83 ± 0.03^c

1.97 ± 0.01^d

7

2.59 ± 0.09^e

1.74 ± 0.02^b*

1.57 ± 0.02^a*

1.64 ± 0.02^ab

2.00 ± 0.06^cd*

1.95 ± 0.01^c*

2.13 ± 0.03^d*

14

2.47 ± 0.06^c

2.14 ± 0.01^b*#

1.91 ± 0.03^a*#

2.15 ± 0.09^b*#

2.16 ± 0.01^b*#

2.24 ± 0.01^b*#

2.46 ± 0.20^c*#

1

1.00 ± 0.00^f

0.53 ± 0.01^b

0.49 ± 0.01^a

0.48 ± 0.01^a

0.55 ± 0.01^c

0.59 ± 0.01^d

0.62 ± 0.01^e

7

1.00 ± 0.00^f

0.57 ± 0.01^b*

0.53 ± 0.02^a*

0.54 ± 0.01^ab*

0.64 ± 0.01^c*

0.69 ± 0.01^d*

0.76 ± 0.01^e*

14

1.00 ± 0.00^f

0.67 ± 0.01^b*#

0.64 ± 0.01^a*#

0.67 ± 0.01^b*#

0.79 ± 0.01^c*#

0.85 ± 0.01^d*#

0.89 ± 0.01^e*#

1

1.00 ± 0.00^c

0.61 ± 0.02^b

0.51 ± 0.01^a

0.59 ± 0.01^b

0.60 ± 0.02^b

0.54 ± 0.01^ab

0.61 ± 0.01^b

7

1.00 ± 0.00^c

0.74 ± 0.02^b*

0.65 ± 0.01^a*

0.69 ± 0.02^a*

0.76 ± 0.02^b*

0.75 ± 0.01^b*

0.75 ± 0.01^b*

14

1.00 ± 0.00^d

0.81 ± 0.02^b*#

0.72 ± 0.01^a*#

0.72 ± 0.04^a*

0.82 ± 0.01^b*

0.89 ± 0.01^d*#

0.96 ± 0.01^d*#

1

1.00 ± 0.00^e

0.35 ± 0.03^b

0.16 ± 0.01^a

0.33 ± 0.01^b

0.53 ± 0.02^cd

0.50 ± 0.01^c

0.57 ± 0.02^d

7

1.00 ± 0.00^d

0.47 ± 0.04^b*

0.31 ± 0.02^a*

0.37 ± 0.01^a*

0.64 ± 0.01^c*

0.61 ± 0.03^c*

0.68 ± 0.04^c

14

1.00 ± 0.00^d

0.65 ± 0.01^b*#

0.48 ± 0.07^a*#

0.64 ± 0.02^b*#

0.81 ± 0.03^c*#

0.99 ± 0.03^d*#

0.99 ± 0.04^d*#

1

18.85 ± 0.80^d

10.60 ± 0.16^bc

7.18 ± 0.31^a

9.65 ± 0.41^b

10.78 ± 0.36^c

10.10 ± 0.39^b

11.23 ± 0.39^c

7

18.96 ± 0.81^d

14.50 ± 0.13^bc*

12.20 ± 0.33^a*

12.80 ± 0.24^a*

13.13 ± 0.36^b*

14.26 ± 0.44^bc*

14.69 ± 0.62^c*

14

18.75 ± 0.80^d

16.10 ± 0.22^bc*#

13.86 ± 0.11^a*#

15.18 ± 0.26^ab*#

15.20 ± 0.19^ab*#

16.20 ± 0.69^bc*#

17.63 ± 0.75^cd*#

1

31.29 ± 1.33^d

25.22 ± 0.46^b

19.09 ± 0.81^a

19.95 ± 0.43^a

24.55 ± 0.50^b

24.90 ± 0.41^b

26.67 ± 0.21^c

7

31.43 ± 1.34^c

26.90 ± 1.14^b

21.31 ± 0.91^a

22.80 ± 0.14^a*

27.23 ± 0.23^b*

27.93 ± 1.05^b*

28.14 ± 0.49^b

14

31.21 ± 1.33^b

29.29 ± 1.04^ab*

26.21 ± 0.51^a*#

26.51 ± 1.02^a*#

29.31 ± 0.33^ab*#

28.64 ± 1.22^ab*

31.50 ± 1.34^b*#

1

23.63 ± 1.01^e

14.46 ± 0.62^b

13.39 ± 0.57^a

14.35 ± 0.61^ab

17.10 ± 0.73^cd

16.28 ± 0.69^bc

18.70 ± 0.80^d

7

23.75 ± 1.01^d

18.73 ± 0.80^c*

14.85 ± 0.63^a

15.94 ± 0.68^ab

17.96 ± 0.76^bc

18.03 ± 0.35^bc

19.80 ± 0.84^c

14

23.68 ± 1.01^c

21.20 ± 0.90^bc*#

16.60 ± 0.71^a*

20.46 ± 0.17^b*#

22.73 ± 0.24^bc*#

23.90 ± 0.92^c*#

23.38 ± 0.99^c*#