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Table 2 The histopathological scoring of trachea of chicken examined in all four groups

From: The ameliorating effect of some immune-stimulants on bursal and tracheal lesions of broiler chickens challenged with ND virus

 

Group I

Group II

Group III

Group IV

Epithelial injuery

8 birdsa

3b

4 birdsa

2b

3 birdsa

1b

2 birdsa

2b

Submucosal inflammation

13 birdsa

2b

10 birdsa

1b

8 birdsa

2b

11 birdsa

3b

Submucosal oedema

8 birdsa

2b

7 birdss

1b

8 birdsz

1b

13 birdss

++b

Submucosal haemorrhage

6 birdsa

1b

2 birdsa

1b

0 birda

0b

5 birdsa

2b

  1. aNumber of examined birds
  2. bThe severity degree of lesions designated as follows (Reali-Forster et al., 1996): the epithelial injury, no damage = 0, mild = 1, moderate = 2 and severe = 3. Submucosal edema, inflammation and haemorrhage: absent = 0, mild = 1, moderate = 2 and severe = 3