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Table 3 Body weight gain (BWG), feed consumption, and relative weights of the heart, kidney, and liver of all the experimental groups, at the end of the experiments

From: Ameliorative role of a combination of chitosan, calcium, vitamins A and E against high fat diets-induced adverse effects in rats

Variables

Experimental groups

I

II

III

IV

V

BWG (g/10 weeks)

24.40 ± 0.98a

36.80 ± 2.15c

37.60 ± 0.51c

31.40 ± 1.54b

25.80 ± 0.58a

–

(+ 50.8%)#

(+ 2.2%)¶

(− 14.7%)¶

(− 29.9%)¶

 

rd = −0.92, P < 0.001

Feed consumption (g/day)

9.43 ± 0.35a

12.56 ± 0.50c

11.20 ± 0.37c

10.88 ± 0.32b

9.27 ± 0.23a

–

(+ 33.2%)#

(− 10.8%)¶

(− 13.3%)¶

(− 26.2%)¶

 

rd = − 0.75, P < 0.01

Relative heart weight (g/100 g BW)

0.29 ± 0.01a

0.43 ± 0.01b

0.41 ± 0.01b

0.27 ± 0.01a

0.26 ± 0.01a

–

(+ 48.3%)#

(− 4.7%)¶

(− 37.2%)¶

(− 39.5%)¶

 

rd = − 0.80, P < 0.001

Relative kidney weight (g/100 g BW)

0.82 ± 0.02b

0.67 ± 0.03a

0.66 ± 0.01a

0.80 ± 0.06b

0.80 ± 0.02b

–

(− 18.3%)#

(− 1.5%)¶

(+ 19.4%)¶

(+ 19.4%)¶

 

rd = + 0.55, P < 0.05

Relative liver weight (g/100 g BW)

2.49 ± 0.11a

3.20 ± 0.06c

3.16 ± 0.08c

2.88 ± 0.08b

2.65 ± 0.04ab

–

(+ 28.5%)#

(− 1.3%)¶

(− 10.0%)¶

(− 17.2%)¶

 

rd = − 0.83, P < 0.001

  1. Data is displayed as mean ± standard error of mean. P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.001 represent significant correlations. In the same raw, values marked with similar superscript letters are insignificantly different (P > 0.05), whereas those marked with different ones are statistically different (P < 0.05)
  2. rd: correlation coefficient between the studied variables and the administered doses of chitosan, I: control rats, II: rats fed HFD without supplements, III: rats fed HFD + supplements, IV: rats fed HFD + supplements + 400 mg chitosan and V: rats fed HFD + supplements + 800 mg chitosan
  3. #Percent of change in comparison to the group I
  4. ¶Percent of change in comparison to the group II