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Table 4 The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterols (HDL-C & LDL-C) and very low-density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDL-TG) in serum of all the experimental groups, at the end of the experiments

From: Ameliorative role of a combination of chitosan, calcium, vitamins A and E against high fat diets-induced adverse effects in rats

Variables

Experimental groups

I

II

III

IV

V

TC levels (mg/dL)

92.20 ± 1.24a

165.80 ± 2.78d

160.60 ± 2.78d

124.00 ± 0.89c

111.60 ± 0.81b

–

(+ 79.8%)#

(− 3.1%)¶

(− 25.2%)¶

(− 32.7%)¶

 

rd = − 0.94, P < 0.001

TG levels (mg/dL)

75.20 ± 0.49a

175.40 ± 4.23d

173.60 ± 4.01d

99.80 ± 1.07c

88.20 ± 2.15b

–

(+ 133.2%)#

(− 1.0%)¶

(− 43.1%)¶

(− 49.9%)¶

 

rd = − 0.91, P < 0.001

HDL-C levels (mg/dL)

44.80 ± 1.39b

23.60 ± 1.47a

24.60 ± 1.50a

46.20 ± 1.81b

46.00 ± 1.87b

–

(− 47.3%)#

(+ 4.2%)¶

(+ 95.8%)¶

(+ 94.9%)¶

 

rd = + 0.81, P < 0.001

LDL-C levels (mg/dL)

30.40 ± 2.26a

107.04 ± 2.53d

104.06 ± 1.72d

57.36 ± 2.18c

48.32 ± 0.75b

–

(+ 252%)#

(− 2.3%)¶

(− 46.4%)¶

(− 54.9%)¶

 

rd = − 0.92, P < 0.001

VLDL-TG levels (mg/dL)

15.00 ± 0.06a

35.08 ± 1.71c

34.40 ± 1.21c

20.06 ± 0.04b

17.44 ± 0.41a

–

(+ 133%)#

(− 1.9%)¶

(− 42.8%)¶

(− 50.3%)¶

 

rd = − 0.91, P < 0.001

  1. Data is displayed as mean ± standard error of mean. P < 0.001 represents significant correlation. In the same raw, values marked with similar superscript letters are insignificantly different (P > 0.05), whereas those marked with different ones are statistically different (P < 0.05)
  2. rd: correlation coefficient between the studied variables and the administered doses of chitosan (0, 400, and 800 mg), I: control rats, II: rats fed HFD without supplements, III: rats fed HFD + supplements, IV: rats fed HFD + supplements + 400 mg chitosan and V: rats fed HFD + supplements + 800 mg chitosan
  3. #Percent of change in comparison to the group I
  4. ¶Percent of change in comparison to the group II