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Table 5 The levels of total proteins (TP), albumin, globulin, and albumin/globulin ratio in the serum of all the experimental groups, at the end of the experiments

From: Ameliorative role of a combination of chitosan, calcium, vitamins A and E against high fat diets-induced adverse effects in rats

Variables

Experimental groups

I

II

III

IV

V

TP levels (g/dL)

6.30 ± 0.21d

3.08 ± 0.12a

3.04 ± 0.10a

4.04 ± 0.07b

4.48 ± 0.02c

–

(− 51.1%)#

(− 1.3%)¶

(+ 31.2%)¶

(+ 45.5%)¶

 

rd = + 0.95, P < 0.001

Albumin levels (g/dL)

4.18 ± 0.19d

1.94 ± 0.11a

1.96 ± 0.09a

2.76 ± 0.14b

3.26 ± 0.09c

–

(− 53.6%)#

(+ 1.0%)¶

(+ 42.3%)¶

(+ 68.0%)¶

 

rd = + 0.92, P < 0.001

Globulin levels (g/dL)

2.12 ± 0.04d

1.14 ± 0.04a

1.21 ± 0.07a

1.28 ± 0.04b

1.54 ± 0.02c

–

(− 46.2%)#

(+ 6.1%)¶

(+ 12.3%)¶

(+ 35.1%)¶

 

rd = + 0.78, P < 0.01

Albumin/globulin ratio (%)

1.97 ± 0.09ab

1.70 ± 0.10a

1.73 ± 0.09a

2.16 ± 0.12b

2.12 ± 0.07b

–

(− 13.7%)#

(+ 1.8%)¶

(+ 27.1%)¶

(+ 24.7%)¶

 

rd = + 0.59, P < 0.05

  1. Data is displayed as mean ± standard error of mean. P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.001 represent significant correlations. In the same raw, values marked with similar superscript letters are insignificantly different (P > 0.05), whereas those marked with different ones are significantly different (P < 0.05)
  2. rd: correlation coefficient between the studied variables and the administered doses of chitosan (0, 400, and 800 mg), I: control rats, II: rats fed HFD without supplements, III: rats fed HFD + supplements, IV: rats fed HFD + supplements + 400 mg chitosan and V: rats fed HFD + supplements + 800 mg chitosan
  3. #Percent of change in comparison to the group I
  4. ¶Percent of change in comparison to the group II