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Table 3 The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in some organs of birds exposed to cyanide directly and indirectly in their feed

From: The chronic effects of cyanide on oxidative stress indices in the domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus L.)

Groups

Direct exposure

Exposure via

food

Organs

I (control)

II (1 mg CN−1/kg bwt)

III (2 mg CN−1/kg bwt)

IV (3 mg CN−1/kg bwt)

V (1 mg CN−1/kg bwt)

VI (2 mg CN−1/kg bwt)

VII (3 mg CN−1/kg bwt)

4 weeks exposure

 Liver

43.46 ± 0.8a

37.25 ± 0.6a

32.01 ± 0.5b

23.07 ± 0.3c

40.50 ± 0.5a

36.25 ± 0.7a

29.18 ± 5b

 Kidney

31.10 ± 0.4a

29.63 ± 0.7a

18.52 ± 0.3b

14.23 ± 0.6b

30.74 ± 0.4a

27.78 ± 0.5a

17.67 ± 3b

 Heart

35.32 ± 0.7a

29.17 ± 0.9a

25.10 ± 0.4b

18.10 ± 0.8c

33.34 ± 0.6a

27.09 ± 0.3a

22.92 ± 4b

 Brain

31.24 ± 0.5a

30.01 ± 0.4a

18.19 ± 0.3b

14.10 ± 0.9b

32.37 ± 0.5a

21.32 ± 0.6b

18.48 ± 3b

8 weeks exposure

 Liver

45.14 ± 0.8a

36.50 ± 0.7ab

34.52 ± 0.6b

24.92 ± 0.5c

38.15 ± 0.6a

37.42 ± 0.3b

28.10 ± 0.6c

 Kidney

33.95 ± 0.5a

25.93 ± 0.6a

18.78 ± 0.7b

12.15 ± 0.6b

28.19 ± 0.4a

26.08 ± 0.4a

14.81 ± 0.5b

 Heart

37.15 ± 0.5a

27.10 ± 0.04b

23.12 ± 0.4b

17.95 ± 0.8b

31.25 ± 0.7a

25.74 ± 0.6b

20.84 ± 0.8b

 Brain

33.08 ± 0.4a

25.10 ± 0.5b

17.69 ± 0.9c

13.95 ± 0.3c

31.82 ± 0.4a

20.46 ± 0.3b

15.69 ± 0.4c

12 weeks exposure

 Liver

46.78 ± 0.4a

36.10 ± 0.7b

30.43 ± 0.8b

22.74 ± 0.9c

42.62 ± 0.4a

32.18 ± 0.6b

26.41 ± 0.5c

 Kidney

34.15 ± 0.9a

27.78 ± 0.4a

18.52 ± 0.7b

11.26 ± 0.9b

30.50 ± 0.8a

24.19 ± 0.8a

14.82 ± 0.4b

 Heart

38.98 ± 0.7a

32.10 ± 0.9a

27.92 ± 0.6b

15.87 ± 0.8c

35.95 ± 0.9a

28.01 ± 0.5b

18.75 ± 0.3c

 Brain

35.04 ± 0.8a

31.73 ± 0.5a

25.92 ± 0.6b

12.78 ± 0.6c

34.52 ± 0.7a

19.92 ± 0.5bc

15.75 ± 0.8c

  1. Means not sharing a common superscript (a, b, c) on the same row differ significantly (p < 0.05)
  2. The results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 6)
  3. The activity of SOD is given in units per gram tissue
  4. bwt body weight