A comparative bioefficacy of seed and root extracts of a medicinal plant, Withania somnifera when administered to prepupae of lepidopteran insects, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Pericallia ricini (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)

The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology

Table 3 Topical administration of seed extracts of Withania somnifera on prepupal stage of Pericallia ricini (n = 20; replicate = 3)

Dose (μg)	Prepupal duration (Mean ± SE)	Pupal-adult ecdysis (Mean ± SE)	Mortality (%)	Ecdysial failure (%)	Larval-pupal intermediates (%)	Pupation (%)	Abnormal pupae (%)	Pupal-adult intermediates (%)	Adult emergence (%)	L-P-A intermediates (%)	Normal adults (%)	Adultoids (%)
0	0.68 ± 0.04	9.47 ± 0.09	0	0	0	100	0	0	100	0	100	0
5	0.89 ± 0.06^c	10.21 ± 0.21^b	3	10	15	72	8	15	49	0	19	30
10	0.92 ± 0.08^c	10.35 ± 0.28^a	7	12	13	68	18	12	38	0	10	28
15	0.94 ± 0.07^b	10.25 ± 0.22^b	13	17	13	57	12	12	33	2	10	23
20	0.97 ± 0.06^b	10.83 ± 0.15^a	20	13	15	52	8	14	30	3	5	25
	(r = + 0.86)	(r = + 0.89)	(r = + 0.98)	(r = + 0.82)	(r = + 0.70)	(r = −0.94)	(r = + 0.48)	(r = + 0.65)	(r = − 0.85)	(r = + 0.89)	(r = − 0.79)	(r = + 0.49)