A comparative bioefficacy of seed and root extracts of a medicinal plant, Withania somnifera when administered to prepupae of lepidopteran insects, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Pericallia ricini (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)

The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology

Table 4 Topical administration of root extracts of Withania somnifera on prepupal stage of Pericallia ricini (n = 20; replicate = 3)

Dose (μg)	Prepupal duration (Mean ± SE)	Pupal-adult ecdysis (Mean ± SE)	Ecdysial failure (%)	Larval-pupal intermediates (%)	Pupation (%)	Abnormal pupae (%)	Pupal-adult intermediates (%)	Adult emergence (%)	L-P-A intermediates (%)	Normal adults (%)	Adultoids (%)
0	0.64 ± 0.04	9.40 ± 0.08	0	0	100	0	0	100	0	100	0
5	0.88 ± 0.07^c	10.19 ± 0.21^b	13	15	72	7	12	53	0	23	30
10	0.96 ± 0.07^b	10.23 ± 0.23^b	23	10	67	13	17	37	2	7	30
15	0.99 ± 0.07^b	10.33 ± 0.20^a	24	23	53	8	4	41	2	8	33
20	1.18 ± 0.09^a	10.48 ± 0.26^a	30	15	55	2	8	45	2	7	38
	(r = + 0.96)	(r = + 0.86)	(r = + 0.95)	(r = + 0.71)	(r = − 0.91)	(r = + 0.15)	(r = + 0.19)	(r = − 0.75)	(r = + 0.87)	(r = − 0.79)	(r = + 0.82)