Comparative bioassay of silver nanoparticles and malathion on infestation of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum

The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology

Table 5 Repellent activity of Tribolium castaneum against silver nanoparticles, malathion, and its combination

Name of the sample	Concentration (ppm)	No. of insect used	% repellency (Nc − 5) × 20%					Chi-square value	P value
Name of the sample	Concentration (ppm)	No. of insect used	Second hour	Fourth hour	Sixth hour	Eight hour	Tenth hour	Chi-square value	P value
AgNP	150	10	93.2	73.2	40	26	53.2	59	.14
	100	10	66.6	26	13.2	73.2	40	107	.09
	50	10	60	26	26	46	46.6	35.53	0.00
Malathion	150	10	86.6	86.6	100	73.2	53.2	33.28	0.00
	100	10	40	20	20	6.6	6.6	4.47	0.21
	50	10	33.2	13.2	20	6.6	6.6	8.05	0.45
AgNP+ malathion	150	10	100	100	100	100	100	00	0.00
	100	10	100	80	100	100	100	56.35	0.00
	50	10	80	60	46.6	33.2	80	15	0.24