Carica papaya and Mangifera indica modulate haematological, biochemical and histological alterations in atrazine-intoxicated fish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822)

The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology

Table 4 Least square means of various biochemical parameters for tissue type, atrazine exposures and extract type

Parameter	Tissue				Atrazine*							Extract
Parameter	Blood	Gill	Liver	SE	I	II	III	IV	V	VI	SE	C. papaya	M. indica	SE
Glucose	3.33^a	31.73^c	14.15^b	1.42	19.35^a	14.41^a	16.08^a	17.94^a	16.99^a	13.62^a	2.01	16.64^a	16.16^a	1.16
Total protein	48.50^c	11.83^a	16.98^b	1.76	31.28^a	23.12^a	25.53^a	25.31^a	22.25^a	27.13^a	2.49	23.40^a	28.14^b	1.44
ALT (IU/l)	18.13^a	68.31^c	50.39^b	5.04	39.48^a	53.13^a	48.03^a	44.83^a	42.61^a	45.57^a	7.13	39.41^a	51.81^b	4.12
AST (IU/l)	169.29^a	200.82^a	219.10^a	19.01	219.56^a	251.04^a	202.11^a	171.91^a	177.32^a	156.48^a	26.88	196.13^a	196.67^a	15.52
LDH (IU/)	65.82^a	116.48^b	170.90^c	11.66	116.98^a	127.53^a	131.37^a	114.77^a	110.76^a	105.01^a	16.50	89.82^a	145.65^b	9.52
SOD (IU/l)	116.54^b	86.24^a	162.77^c	8.83	127.36^a	119.29^a	120.12^a	131.23^a	114.74^a	118.37^a	12.49	104.88^a	138.82^b	7.21
AChE (IU/l)	12.68^a	16.84^b	25.06^c	1.12	19.52^a	16.06^a	17.38^a	20.40^a	19.70^a	16.10^a	1.59	17.06^a	19.32^a	0.92
MDA	3.93^a	16.40^b	26.94^c	0.81	13.71^a	19.16^b	16.65^ab	15.29^ab	15.53^ab	14.18^ab	1.14	14.11^a	17.40^b	0.66

Glucose (mmol/l), Total protein (g/l), ALT (Alanine transaminase), AST (Aspartate transaminase), LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase), SOD (Superoxide dismutase), AChE (Acetylcholinesterase), MDA (Malondialdehyde, nmolMDA/l)
*I control II atrazine-exposed group III low concentration of plant extract alone IV atrazine + low concentration of plant extract V high concentration of plant extract alone VI atrazine + high concentration of plant extract
Means along the same row for tissue type, atrazine exposures and extract type with different superscripts were significantly different at p < 0.05