Fig. 4

Effects of sub-lethal concentrations of Ammo and Profex for the generation of ROS in Sf9 cells were determined by DCFH-DA staining. a Depicts the fluorescence (mean ± SE) in Sf9 cells after treatment with sub-lethal concentrations of Ammo and Profex for 48 h and stained with DCF-DA. (p < 0.5*, p < 0.05**) and b show Sf9 cell treated with Ammo in an increasing concentrations of LD = 17.5 μg/ml, MD = 35 μg/ml and HD = 70 μg/ml and Profex with LD = 20 μg/ml, MD = 40 μg/ml and HD = 80 μg/ml in comparison to control. Green fluorescence represents the intracellular ROS formed. Here, the yellow arrow pointing toward bright green nucleus indicates increased ROS level, cell membrane blebbing, and nuclear fragmentation