Fig. 2

Possible correlation between climate change and epigenomics in aquatic animals, for example fish, modulated by metabolism. Climate change is responsible to increase the mean global temperature which may lead to produce many unwanted metabolites such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) in susceptible aquatic animals, for example fish. Increase in single or multiple stressors such as pollutants, temperature, and salinity can also be responsible to produce ROS via diminishing antioxidant defense system (ADS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Persistent stressors above threshold values in turn may increase epigenomics changes in animals by elevating oxidative stress. Other vital processes such as decrease in ATP synthesis, increasing the chance to disease susceptibility (DS), proteostasis (PS), and protein misfolding (PM), in animals can lead to additional ROS production, thereby disturbing heir physiology and shortening their longevity. Due to multiple and consistent aquatic stressors, physiological processes such as genomics instability, telomere shortening, and mitochondrial dysfunction can also lead to elevate genomics instability in aquatic animals which may ultimately decrease their longevity