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Table 2 Percentage of successful development of various embryonic stages of H. elegans in control sea water and in different concentrations of phorate in sea water (temp. 28 ± 0.2 °C, salinity 34 ± 0.1°/00, pH 8.1 ± 0.1); n = 6 ± =SD

From: The toxic effects of phorate on early embryonic stages of sedentary polychaete Hydroides elegans (Haswell, 1883)

Developmental stage

Control

Percentage of successful development

Concentration of phorate in ppm

0.05

0.1

0.25

0.5

1

2

5

10

20

30

40

FM stage

97.63 ± 1.07

94.05 ± 2.07

90.33 ± 4.04

86.67 ± 4.72

83.33 ± 4.93

79.33 ± 6.50

72.67 ± 7.50

58.67 ± 9.07

44.67 ± 10.6

28.67 ± 11.6

15.33 ± 6.65

N.D

2-cell stage

95.00 ± 1.00

88.33 ± 5.68

83.67 ± 8.08

80.67 ± 8.08

77.00 ± 9.53

71.00 ± 6.55

66.00 ± 7.93

53.00 ± 6.24

38.67 ± 11.8

20.33 ± 7.23

3.33 ± 0.57

N.D

3-cell stage

92.67 ± 0.57

86.33 ± 6.42

81.00 ± 7.55

77.67 ± 9.45

72.67 ± 11.3

67.33 ± 10.1

60.67 ± 10.7

49.67 ± 5.13

35.00 ± 13.00

15.67 ± 4.93

N.D

N.D

4-cell stage

90.33 ± 1.52

81.33 ± 6.02

76.33 ± 4.72

72.00 ± 4.72

66.33 ± 11.5

61.33 ± 10.2

56.67 ± 10.2

46.33 ± 6.02

31.67 ± 13.5

13.67 ± 4.93

N.D

N.D

8-cell stage

80.33 ± 2.51

78.33 ± 5.13

73.00 ± 5.56

68.00 ± 9.16

60.33 ± 10.7

58.67 ± 9.45

54.00 ± 10.1

43.00 ± 7.00

28.33 ± 12.6

11.67 ± 4.93

N.D

N.D

16-cell stage

86.33 ± 1.52

75.67 ± 5.68

70.33 ± 7.02

64.67 ± 9.45

58.00 ± 10.5

55.00 ± 8.54

51.00 ± 9.84

40.33 ± 8.02

25.33 ± 13.8

2.67 ± 4.61

N.D

N.D

32-cell stage

83.00 ± 1.00

73.00 ± 6.55

67.33 ± 7.63

62.33 ± 10.1

55.67 ± 12.7

52.67 ± 8.08

46.67 ± 5.03

38.00 ± 8.00

22.67 ± 13.6

N.D

N.D

N.D

64-cell stage

81.33 ± 1.15

70.33 ± 6.80

64.67 ± 7.50

60.33 ± 10.2

53.00 ± 12.7

49.00 ± 7.93

44.67 ± 8.32

35.33 ± 8.73

20.33 ± 13.2

N.D

N.D

N.D

Blastula stage

79.00 ± 1.00

68.00 ± 7.00

62.00 ± 8.00

56.00 ± 12.2

53.00 ± 12.2

47.33 ± 8.32

42.33 ± 8.73

33.33 ± 10.6

N.D

N.D

N.D

N.D

Blastula start rotation stage

78.00 ± 1.00

64.33 ± 7.76

59.00 ± 9.00

53.67 ± 12.9

50.33 ± 10.9

44.00 ± 8.71

38.00 ± 9.00

29.67 ± 10.6

N.D

N.D

N.D

N.D

Blastula stop rotation stage

78.00 ± 1.00

64.33 ± 7.76

59.00 ± 9.00

53.67 ± 12.9

50.33 ± 10.9

44.00 ± 8.71

38.00 ± 9.00

29.67 ± 10.6

N.D

N.D

N.D

N.D

Release stage

74.00 ± 1.00

60.00 ± 7.21

53.33 ± 9.60

47.67 ± 12.6

43.33 ± 10.2

37.67 ± 10.9

30.00 ± 13.7

21.67 ± 14.3

N.D

N.D

N.D

N.D

  1. N.D no development. Number of eggs/embryos observed in each concentration = 100–150, n = number of experiments