The chronic effects of cyanide on oxidative stress indices in the domestic chicken ( Gallus domesticus L .)

Helen Ejiro Kadiri; Samuel Ogheneovo Asagba

doi:10.1186/s41936-019-0098-y

The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology

Table 1 The bioaccumulation of cyanide in the organs of birds exposed to cyanide directly and indirectly in feed

From: The chronic effects of cyanide on oxidative stress indices in the domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus L.)

Groups	Direct exposure			Exposure via food
Organ	Group I (control)	Group II (1 mg CN⁻/kg bwt)	Group III (2 mg CN⁻/kg bwt)	Group IV (3 mg CN⁻/kg bwt)	Group V (1 mg CN⁻/kg bwt)	Group VI (2 mg CN⁻/kg bwt)	Group VII (3 mg CN⁻/kg bwt)
4 weeks exposure
Liver	0.39 ± 0.05^a	1.80 ± 0.05^b	2.21 ± 0.03^c	3.12 ± 0.07^d	0.44 ± 0.04^a	0.69 ± 0.05^e	0.74 ± 0.05^f
Pancreas	0.31 ± 0.05^a	1.44 ± 0.05^b	1.85 ± 0.04^c	2.39 ± 0.04^d	0.37 ± 0.05^a	0.76 ± 0.05^e	1.24 ± 0.06^f
Kidney	0.36 ± 0.05^a	2.13 ± 0.05^b	2.72 ± 0.05^c	3.15 ± 0.08^d	0.53 ± 0.05^a	0.78 ± 0.04^e	1.17 ± 0.05^f
Brain	0.29 ± 0.05^a	0.86 ± 0.05^b	1.60 ± 0.04^c	1.16 ± 0.04^d	0.38 ± 0.05^a	0.69 ± 0.05^e	0.86 ± 0.07^b
Heart	0.28 ± 0.03^a	0.95 ± 0.04^b	1.80 ± 0.04^c	2.45 ± 0.04^d	0.27 ± 0.05^a	0.47 ± 0.05^e	0.68 ± 0.04^f
8 weeks exposure
Liver	0.36 ± 0.05^a	0.89 ± 0.05^b	1.71 ± 0.05^c	2.84 ± 0.05^d	0.32 ± 0.05^a	0.53 ± 0.05^e	0.89 ± 0.05^b
Pancreas	0.32 ± 0.05^a	0.74 ± 0.05^b	1.43 ± 0.03^c	2.78 ± 0.04^d	0.27 ± 0.04^a	0.45 ± 0.05^e	0.66 ± 0.04^f
Kidney	0.48 ± 0.03^a	1.08 ± 0.04^b	2.27 ± 0.04^c	2.97 ± 0.05^d	0.44 ± 0.04^a	0.65 ± 0.05^e	1.06 ± 0.05^b
Brain	0.33 ± 0.05^a	0.79 ± 0.04^b	1.34 ± 0.05^c	1.46 ± 0.04^d	0.34 ± 0.04^a	0.48 ± 0.05^e	0.78 ± 0.05^b
Heart	0.28 ± 0.04^a	0.84 ± 0.05^b	1.64 ± 0.03^c	2.63 ± 0.04^d	0.25 ± 0.03^a	0.36 ± 0.04^e	0.76 ± 0.05^f
12 weeks exposure
Liver	0.19 ± 0.04^a	0.46 ± 0.04^b	0.78 ± 0.05^c	1.07 ± 0.05^d	0.29 ± 0.08^a	0.45 ± 0.05^b	0.62 ± 0.06^e
Pancreas	0.08 ± 0.02^a	0.18 ± 0.03^b	0.30 ± 0.05^c	0.56 ± 0.04^d	0.09 ± 0.05^a	0.08 ± 0.05^a	0.16 ± 0.05^b
Kidney	0.22 ± 0.02^a	0.47 ± 0.03^b	0.90 ± 0.05^c	1.58 ± 0.05^d	0.37 ± 0.06^a	0.47 ± 0.05^b	0.87 ± 0.06^c
Brain	0.17 ± 0.05^a	0.25 ± 0.03^b	0.43 ± 0.05^c	0.67 ± 0.05^d	0.22 ± 0.05^a	0.32 ± 0.08^b	0.47 ± 0.05^c
Heart	0.12 ± 0.07^a	0.41 ± 0.02^b	0.65 ± 0.04^c	0.78 ± 0.05^d	0.18 ± 0.04^a	0.27 ± 0.05^e	0.38 ± 0.05^b

Means not sharing a common superscript (a, b, c, d, e, f) on the same row differ significantly (p < 0.05) from each other. The results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n = 6). The cyanide concentration is in micrograms per gram tissue for the organs and milligrams per milliter for the serum
bwt body weight

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