Plate 1

a Latero-ventral view of normal prepupa of S. litura. b Ventral view of pupa with larval exuviae attached to whole ventral surface of abdomen, 5 μg seed extracts of W. somnifera. c Lateral view of pupa with larval exuviae remained attached to posterior ventral surface of abdomen, 10 μg root extracts of W. somnifera. d Lateral view of pupa with larval exuviae attached to ventral surface of abdomen, 15 μg root extracts of W. somnifera. e Lateral view of deformed pupa having larval exuviae attached to ventral head, thorax, and abdomen, 10 μg seed extracts of W. somnifera. f Ventral view of pupa with larval head capsule, 20 μg root extracts of W. somnifera. g Ventral view of larval-pupal intermediate having shrunken body, 10 μg seed extracts of W. somnifera. h Lateral view of larval-pupal intermediate with rudimentary larval prolegs, 15 μg root extracts of W. somnifera. i Lateral view of larval-pupal intermediate with anterior half larval and posterior half pupal in appearance, 20 μg seed extracts of W. somnifera. j Lateral view of larval-pupal intermediate with pupal wings, 15 μg root extracts of W. somnifera. k Ventral view of normal pupa. l Ventral view of abnormal pupa with reduced wings, 10 μg seed extracts of W. somnifera. m Ventral view of abnormal pupa with free right antenna, 10 μg root extracts of W. somnifera. n Lateral view of abnormal pupa with white and untanned right hind wing, 20 μg seed extracts of W. somnifera. o Ventral view of pupal-adult intermediate with white and untanned pupal proboscis, labial palpi, and wings, 15 μg root extracts of W. somnifera. p Ventral view of pupal-adult intermediate with highly reduced pupal proboscis, 10 μg seed extracts of W. somnifera. q Ventral view of pupal-adult intermediate with extremely reduced right proboscis, 5 μg seed extracts of W. somnifera. r, s Ventral and dorsal view of normal adult. t, u Ventral and dorsal view of adultoid with crumpled wings, 20 μg root extracts of W. somnifera. v, w Ventral and dorsal view of adultoid with less scales on crumpled wings, 10 μg seed extracts of W. somnifera. x Ventral view of adultoid with pupal exuviae, 5 μg root extracts of W. somnifera. y Ventral view of adultoid with pupal exuviae attached to ventral surface of head and thorax, 15 μg seed extracts of W. somnifera. z Ventral view of adultoid with deformed body unable to eclose from pupal exuviae, 20 μg root extracts of W. somnifera. aa Dorsal view of adultoid with pupal exuviae remained attached to abdomen, 5 μg seed extracts of W. somnifera. bb Dorsal view of adultoid with pupal cuticle not shed off and attached to right wing, 10 μg root extracts of W. somnifera. cc Ventral view of adultoid with larval exuviae remained attached to pupal cuticle, 20 μg seed extracts of W. somnifera. Bar = 5 mm; red arrow shows deformities