Farmers knowledge, perceptions and management of Kersting’s groundnut ( Macrotyloma geocarpum Harms) insect pests in Benin

The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology

Table 3 Ordered logit results of factors influencing farmers’ perception about severity of storage pest attacks on Kersting’s groundnut

Variables^b	Coefficient		Farmers perception of severity of damage by storage insect pests^a
	Coef.	Std. Err.	Not severe		Severe		Very severe
	Coef.	Std. Err.	dy/dx	Std. Err.	dy/dx	Std. Err.	dy/dx	Std. Err.
Age (years)	0.032	0.025	0.003	0.002	0.003	0.002	0.002	0.002
Gender (0 = female, 1 = male)	0.562	0.610	0.048	0.058	0.050	0.051	0.038	0.039
Size of household (number)	0.096	0.089	0.008	0.008	0.009	0.009	0.007	0.007
Farming experience (years)	0.013	0.029	0.001	0.002	0.001	0.003	0.001	0.002
Land size (hectares)	− 0.257	0.527	− 0.021	0.043	− 0.024	0.049	− 0.019	0.040
^bNo education (1 = yes, 0 = no)	0.175	0.694	0.014	0.058	0.016	0.063	0.013	0.049
Secondary education level (1 = yes, 0 = no)	1.250	0.920	0.037	0.040	0.120	0.081	0.141	0.145
University education level (1 = yes, 0 = no)	2.091	1.167*	− 0.039	0.114	0.146	0.055***	0.324	0.268
^cStore in jute bags (1 = yes, 0 = no)	− 1.740	0.995*	− 0.154	0.085*	− 0.121	0.054**	− 0.086	0.039**
Store in calabash (1 = yes, 0 = no)	1.388	1.641	0.013	0.116	0.127	0.106	0.179	0.328
Store in insecticide boxes (1 = yes, 0 = no)	− 0.339	0.946	− 0.030	0.089	− 0.030	0.078	− 0.023	0.056
Store in basin (1 = yes, 0 = no)	− 0.048	1.514	− 0.004	0.125	0.004	0.138	− 0.004	0.109
Store in jar (1 = yes, 0 = no)	0.110	1.616	0.034	0.116	0.010	0.155	0.009	0.132
Store in plastic buckets (1 = yes, 0 = no)	− 0.242	0.778	0.008	0.057	− 0.023	0.074	− 0.019	0.062
^dDoyi vovo (1 = yes, 0 = no)	2.044	1.012**	− 0.030	0.096	0.149	0.053***	0.308	0.229
Doyi wiwi (1 = yes, 0 = no)	1.711	0.719***	0.016	0.054	0.150	0.057***	0.221	0.137
/cut1^e	2.883	1.543
/cut2^e	3.976	1.574
/cut3^e	5.092	1.607

N = 83, Residual Deviance: 177.9591, AIC (Akaike Information Criteria): 215.9591. Coef. coefficient, Std. Err. standard error
***Significant at 1%, **5%, and *10%
^a“Moderately severe” option used as the base category for comparison purposes
^bPrimary education used as reference variable
^cStore in canaries used as reference variable
^dDoyi wéwé used as reference variable
^e/cut1, /cut2, and /cut3 are cut-off points in the ordered probit analysis confirming the variables were ordered