Table 6 Perforation Index caused by C. maculatus in cowpea seeds treated with P. guineense powders

P. guineense leaf

1

93.50

1.00

2.50 ± 0.02^ab

5.00 ± 0.04^b

5.50 ± 0.05^b

P. guineense seeds

95.25

0.00

0.00 ± 0.00^ab

0.00 ± 0.00^a

0.00 ± 0.00^a

Methanol (+ve control)

92.00

0.00

32.50 ± 2.25^cd

40.00 ± 2.04^c

75.00 ± 3.04^c

P. guineense leaf

2

94.00

0.00

0.00 ± 0.00^a

0.00 ± 0.00^a

0.00 ± 0.00^a

P. guineense seeds

94.02

0.00

0.00 ± 0.00^a

0.00 ± 0.00^a

0.00 ± 0.00^a

Methanol (+ve control)

96.00

0.00

27.50 ± 2.50^c

37.50 ± 2.50^c

65.00 ± 3.04^c

P. guineense leaf

3

95.00

0.00

0.00 ± 0.00^a

0.00 ± 0.00^a

0.00 ± 0.00^a

P. guineense seeds

94.50

0.00

0.00 ± 0.00^a

0.00 ± 0.00^a

0.00 ± 0.00^a

Methanol (+ve control)

93.00

0.00

25.00 ± 2.20^c

35.00 ± 2.20^c

60.00 ± 3.04^c

Untreated (−ve control)

0.0

95.25

40.00

42.50 ± 3.75^d

52.50 ± 3.20^d

>50.00 ± 0.00