Fig. 1From: Quantifying the roles of water pH and hardness levels in development and biological fitness indices of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)Bars followed with the same letter are not significantly different at p < 0.05 according to Duncan multiple range test following ANOVA and represent mean (± SD). a Effects of water pH on developmental times of larval instars (I–IV) of Culex quinquefasciatus.b Effects of water hardness on developmental times of larval instars (I–IV) of Culex quinquefasciatusBack to article page