Table 2 Amount and percentage of nutrients obtained from pollinator-independent crops and pollinator-dependent crops
From: Contribution of animal pollination to food nutrient production in Benin-West Africa
Nutriments | Pollinator-independent crops | Pollinator-dependent crops | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NVi (t, GJ) | NVi (%) | NVsw (t, GJ) | NVsw (%) | NVap (t, GJ) | NVap (%) | |
Energy | 61,562,410.34 | 85.54 | 6,771,539.41 | 9.41 | 3,637,979.108 | 5.05 |
Macro-nutrients | ||||||
Proteins | 274,304.1955 | 75.64 | 55,073.52123 | 15.19 | 33,252.56085 | 9.17 |
Lipids | 142,315.9028 | 44.92 | 110,821.9622 | 34.98 | 63,650.03935 | 20.09 |
Carbohydrates | 3,184,132.363 | 94.92 | 117,876.1511 | 3.51 | 52,669.17499 | 1.57 |
Dietary fiber | 326,537.0804 | 87.49 | 37,708.0728 | 10.10 | 8998.810733 | 2.41 |
Minerals | ||||||
Calcium (Ca) | 1422.679219 | 69.06 | 476.0856546 | 23.11 | 161.4187774 | 7.84 |
Iron (Fe) | 79.57423276 | 68.22 | 23.98858995 | 20.57 | 13.08072026 | 11.21 |
Magnesium (Mg) | 3217.221999 | 75.88 | 575.2351115 | 13.57 | 447.2507914 | 10.55 |
Phosphorus (P) | 6563.742439 | 75.20 | 1228.664676 | 14.08 | 936.1122706 | 10.72 |
Potassium (K) | 36,529.11334 | 86.69 | 4138.837233 | 9.82 | 1471.607013 | 3.49 |
Sodium (Na) | 913.5972155 | 89.34 | 88.42264436 | 8.65 | 20.58565499 | 2.013 |
Zinc (Zn) | 569.0419567 | 96.82 | 10.09656548 | 1.78 | 8.57173416 | 1.46 |
Copper (Cu) | 12.98513393 | 66.05 | 3.470323984 | 17.65 | 3.205132701 | 16.30 |
Manganese (Mn) | 27.23275928 | 77.93 | 4.802385347 | 13.74 | 2.910711687 | 8.33 |
Selenium (Se) | 0.057453562 | 47.38 | 0.033959664 | 28.01 | 0.02983602 | 24.61 |
Fluoride (F) | 0.001252067 | 16.08 | 0.005994522 | 77.01 | 0.000537761 | 6.91 |
Vitamins | ||||||
Vitamin C | 1223.608214 | 92.87 | 81.64652573 | 6.20 | 12.27305766 | 0.93 |
Vitamin A | 0.677011425 | 38.78 | 1.004215952 | 57.53 | 0.064358961 | 3.69 |
β—carotene | 7.785685216 | 40.00 | 10.96946289 | 56.36 | 0.708737483 | 3.64 |
α—carotene | 0.359305899 | 27.10 | 0.914723374 | 69.00 | 0.051620779 | 3.89 |
β—cryptoxanthin | 0.000347096 | 0.05 | 0.716274363 | 93.49 | 0.049514306 | 6.46 |
Lycopene | 0.000101068 | 0.0013 | 6.656952534 | 87.13 | 0.982953451 | 12.87 |
Lutein + zeaxanthin | 0.373252089 | 8.05 | 3.99664064 | 86.19 | 0.267287615 | 5.76 |
Vitamin E | ||||||
α—tocopherol | 49.86116787 | 76.50 | 13.27713967 | 20.37 | 2.036747613 | 3.13 |
β—tocopherol | 0.00528793 | 5.98 | 0.045362643 | 51.29 | 0.037793069 | 42.73 |
γ—tocopherol | 0.082811187 | 0.81 | 3.813998521 | 37.19 | 6.358970483 | 62.00 |
δ—tocopherol | 0.005040218 | 0.76 | 0.230311368 | 34.73 | 0.427721112 | 64.51 |
Vitamin B | ||||||
Thiamin (B1) | 13.26146844 | 85.81 | 1.375492996 | 8.90 | 0.817230966 | 5.29 |
Riboflavin (B2) | 4.430365606 | 68.17 | 1.695706361 | 26.09 | 0.372639018 | 5.73 |
Niacine (B3) | 111.8093498 | 89.49 | 10.6843231 | 8.55 | 2.440947295 | 1.95 |
Pantothenic Acid (B5) | 13.10753876 | 78.00 | 2.311338656 | 13.75 | 1.384777007 | 8.24 |
Vitamin B6 | 16.21025319 | 88.10 | 1.490304119 | 8.10 | 0.698689559 | 3.80 |
Folate | B9 | 2.197313018 | 76.58 | 0.516330151 | 17.99 | 0.155535108 |
Vitamin K | 0.156033519 | 40.49 | 0.16674351 | 43.27 | 0.062553479 | 16.23 |