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Table 2 Amino acid composition (g/100 g protein) of the honeybees from the three ecological zones of Nigeria during the dry season, onset of rain and wet seasons

From: Seasonal fluctuations of antioxidant enzymes and biochemical compositions of Apis mellifera adansonii L. from three ecological zones of Nigeria

 

Onset of rain

Wet season

Dry season

 

RF

GS

DS

RF

GS

DS

RF

GS

DS

Leucine

6.95 ± 0.04a

6.77 ± 0.20ab

6.55 ± 0.12a

7.01 ± 1.00a

6.77 ± 0.20a

6.85 ± 0.03a

6.77 ± 0.20a

5.90 ± 0.20b

5.60 ± 0.30b

Lysine

4.93 ± 0.03a

4.27 ± 0.02b

4.06 ± 0.23b

4.72 ± 0.02a

5.04 ± 0.04a

4.63 ± 0.31a

4.03 ± 0.03a

3.87 ± 0.02b

3.63 ± 0.03b

Isoleucine

5.11 ± 0.01a

4.75 ± 0.02b

4.36 ± 0.30b

4.91 ± 0.01a

4.94 ± 0.04a

4.84 ± 0.00a

4.52 ± 0.02a

3.60 ± 0.30b

3.30 ± 0.30b

Phenylalanine

6.56 ± 0.02a

6.39 ± 0.04a

6.03 ± 0.31a

6.65 ± 0.05a

6.56 ± 0.20a

6.50 ± 0.05a

6.16 ± 0.01a

5.68 ± 0.01b

5.50 ± 0.30b

Trytophan

0.53 ± 0.03a

0.47 ± 0.02b

0.42 ± 0.05b

0.53 ± 0.03a

0.50 ± 0.10a

0.48 ± 0.02a

0.50 ± 0.05a

0.37 ± 0.02b

0.39 ± 0.04b

Valine

5.56 ± 0.02a

5.00 ± 0.50b

3.41 ± 1.50c

5.44 ± 0.04a

5.32 ± 0.02a

5.26 ± 0.10a

4.91 ± 0.01a

3.86 ± 0.03b

3.68 ± 0.01b

Methionine

3.26 ± 0.01a

2.99 ± 0.05b

2.79 ± 0.16b

3.31 ± 0.01a

3.31 ± 0.01a

3.24 ± 0.08a

2.83 ± 0.03a

2.78 ± 0.01a

2.19 ± 0.02b

Proline

12.90 ± 0.50a

12.79 ± 0.10a

12.05 ± 0.47a

13.00 ± 0.10a

12.79 ± 0.10a

12.82 ± 0.12a

11.98 ± 0.01a

11.47 ± 0.10a

10.56 ± 0.02b

Arginine

6.88 ± 0.01a

5.68 ± 0.01b

5.65 ± 0.05b

6.37 ± 0.10a

6.71 ± 0.01a

6.16 ± 0.54a

6.02 ± 0.02a

5.33 ± 0.03b

4.99 ± 0.01c

Tyrosine

3.79 ± 0.20a

3.61 ± 0.01a

3.27 ± 0.29a

3.79 ± 0.20a

3.78 ± 0.20a

3.72 ± 0.10a

3.27 ± 0.02a

2.93 ± 0.03b

2.41 ± 0.01b

Histidine

2.46 ± 0.40a

2.40 ± 0.40a

2.18 ± 0.02a

2.49 ± 0.20a

2.30 ± 0.30a

2.27 ± 0.12a

2.17 ± 0.02a

2.01 ± 0.01a

1.88 ± 0.01b

Cystine

2.54 ± 0.30a

2.24 ± 0.04a

2.14 ± 0.14a

2.42 ± 0.02a

2.48 ± 0.40a

2.34 ± 0.03a

2.18 ± 0.01a

1.82 ± 0.02b

1.99 ± 0.01b

Alanine

5.61 ± 0.01a

5.39 ± 0.30a

4.93 ± 0.13b

5.58 ± 0.20a

5.46 ± 0.40a

5.43 ± 0.09a

5.01 ± 0.01a

4.70 ± 0.20b

4.02 ± 0.02c

Glutamic acid

8.93 ± 0.03a

8.63 ± 0.03a

8.02 ± 0.27b

8.93 ± 1.00a

8.93 ± 0.03a

8.78 ± 0.00a

8.03 ± 0.03a

7.42 ± 0.40b

7.27 ± 0.02b

Glycine

6.89 ± 0.10a

5.94 ± 0.04b

5.31 ± 0.44b

6.03 ± 0.03a

6.46 ± 0.03a

6.02 ± 0.11a

5.42 ± 0.02a

4.89 ± 0.10b

4.32 ± 0.02b

Threonine

4.55 ± 0.03a

3.61 ± 0.01b

3.29 ± 0.37b

4.11 ± 0.01a

4.08 ± 0.01a

3.92 ± 0.07a

3.28 ± 0.01a

2.83 ± 0.03b

2.66 ± 0.20b

Serine

5.19 ± 0.10a

4.70 ± 0.20b

4.17 ± 0.43b

4.92 ± 0.02a

4.99 ± 1.00a

4.81 ± 0.00a

4.21 ± 0.01a

3.78 ± 0.01b

3.51 ± 0.01b

Aspartic acid

6.20 ± 0.20a

5.89 ± 0.10b

5.42 ± 0.36b

6.08 ± 0.01a

6.11 ± 0.01a

6.01 ± 0.06a

5.49 ± 0.10a

4.99 ± 0.01c

5.21 ± 0.01b

  1. RF rainforest; GS Guinea savannah; DS derived savannah
  2. abcMeans (± standard deviation) of amino acid components in the same row for each of the seasonal periods having similar superscripts are not significantly different at p < 0.05