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The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology

Table 3 Mean numbers of aberrant crypt foci (ACF)

From: Proanthocyanidin and sodium butyrate synergistically modulate rat colon carcinogenesis by scavenging free radicals and regulating the COX-2 and APC pathways

Group/treatment

Total no. of ACF

No. of foci containing:

1 AC

2 ACs

3 ACs

 ≥ 4 ACs

G1 (DMH)

208 ± 34.8a

92.4 ± 12.1

59.3 ± 14.1

35.7 ± 0.1

20.1 ± 7.1

G2 (DMH + NaB)

91.6 ± 24.2*

41.4 ± 10.3*

24.4 ± 8.4*

16.0 ± 3.8*

9.7 ± 3.2*

G3 (DMH + GSPE)

96.3 ± 21.5*

43.0 ± 10.9*

13.8 ± 6.9*

8.75 ± 2.1*

7.50 ± 1.3*

G4 (DMH + NaB + GSPE)

52.3 ± 13.2*

26.1 ± 6.1*

15.6 ± 3.7*

7.6 ± 2. 7*

2.8 ± 13.2*

  1. aMeans ± standard deviations
  2. *Significant versus G1 at P < 0.05 (ANOVA); ACF: Aberrant crypt foci; DMH: 1,2-dimethylhydrazine; NaB: Sodium butyrate; GSPE: Grapeseed proanthocyanidin extract. Samples from 10 rats/group were subjected to the ACF analysis assay
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