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Table 1 Effects of Spirulina extract (SE) on the biochemical markers of skin tissue

From: The collagen enhancement by Spirulina extract in intrinsic and extrinsic skin aging in albino rat

 

GI

GII

GIII

GIV

GV

GVI

ROS

0.175 ± 0.017ab

0.170 ± 0.007b

0.214 ± 0.003c

0.193 ± 0.013a

0.202 ± 0.016c

0.169 ± 0.019b

SOD

0.545 ± 0.020a

0.539 ± 0.011a

0.382 ± 0.048b

0.482 ± 0.012c

0.502 ± 0.044c

0.541 ± 0.20a

GSH

22.406 ± 0.947a

21.264 ± 1.841a

15.880 ± 1.548b

22.20 ± 1.358a

15.954 ± 1.914b

20.686 ± 1.555a

TNF

24.256 ± 7.801a

21.486 ± 6.576a

33.278 ± 7.320b

22.628 ± 4.490a

36.258 ± 6.637b

17.096 ± 3.540a

IL-1

8.400 ± 1.908a

0.7.408 ± 1.050acd

13.972 ± 3.554b

9.256 ± 2.144a

7.780 ± 1.068ac

7.122 ± 1.1148d

Hyp

99.60 ± 2.61a

119.72 ± 10.63a

98.44 ± 2.31b

115.84 ± 4.90bad

119.20 ± 6.18b

109.42 ± 1.33d

MMP-1

1.31 ± 0.06a

1.06 ± 0.03a

1.46 ± 0.20b

1.11 ± 0.04a

1.08 ± 0.02c

1.16 ± 0.06a

  1. Data are presented as means ± standard deviations (n = 7). In the same raw, values with similar letters mean a nonsignificant difference, and values with different letters mean a significant difference. GI (Group I): control young rats, GI (Group II): young rats received SE (20 mg/ml), GIII (Group III): young rats were administered a daily dose of saline and an hour later exposed to UVR (2.16 J/cm2), GIV (Group IV): young rats received SE (20 mg/ml) and an hour later exposed to UVR (2.16 J/cm2), GV (Group V): control old rats, GVI (Group VI): old rats received SE (20 mg/ml)
  2. ROS reactive oxygen species level, SOD the activities of superoxide dismutase, GSH reduced glutathione, IL-1β interleukin-1β, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α, Hyp the activity of hydroxyproline, MMP-1 matrix metalloproteinase-1